1. Core Functions: Comprehensive Protection from Cleaning to Anti-Wear

Lubricant additives act as "invisible enhancers" that elevate oil performance. Despite constituting less than 30% of the formulation, they significantly improve critical indicators such as oxidation resistance, detergency, and anti-wear properties. Below are the four primary functions:

• Detergent & Dispersion
  These additives neutralize acidic substances and disperse carbon deposits. Common agents include calcium sulfonate (T106) and sulfurized alkylphenol calcium (T115B), which adsorb oxidation products and inhibit deposits.
• Antioxidant & Anticorrosion
  Represented by ZDDP (Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate), these agents passivate metal surfaces and block free radical chain reactions to extend oil life.
• Extreme Pressure & Anti-Wear
  Sulfur/phosphorus compounds (e.g., T3XX series) form chemical protective films under high pressure, crucial for gear oils.
• Viscosity Modification
  Viscosity index improvers (T6XX series) enable multi-grade oils (e.g., 5W-30) to maintain optimal viscosity across temperatures.

2. Basic Classification: 10 Major Additive Types

Per GB/T 7631.3 standards, lubricant additives are categorized into 10 functional groups:

• Detergent Dispersants (T1XX): Neutralize acids and disperse contaminants
• Antioxidants (T2XX): ZDDP-based formulations with dual functions
• Extreme Pressure Agents (T3XX): High-load sulfur-phosphorus compounds
• Viscosity Modifiers (T6XX): Temperature-responsive polymers
• Auxiliaries: Includes rust inhibitors (T7XX) and antifoam agents (T9XX)

3. Application Guide: Key Selection Criteria

Three critical factors for additive selection:

• Base Oil Synergy: Group II/III hydrocracked oils offer better additive compatibility
• Eco-Friendly Solutions: Low-sulfur additives and biodegradable options (e.g., ceramic SiAl) are rising
• Pre-Blended Packages: Compound additives (e.g., T3002) streamline production processes

Conclusion
From conventional ZDDP to advanced ceramic repair additives, lubricant additive technology continuously evolves to meet demands for reduced friction, energy efficiency, and extended durability. Mastering these fundamentals empowers informed decision-making for both users and industry professionals.